Shaftsni ibice byingenzi muri sisitemu yubukanishi, bikora nkumugongo ushyigikira ibintu byose byogukwirakwiza mugihe cyohereza itara hamwe nigihe cyo kugunama. Igishushanyo cya shitingi ntigomba kwibanda gusa kubiranga kugiti cyayo ahubwo inatekereza guhuza kwayo hamwe nuburyo rusange bwa sisitemu ya shaft. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'imizigo yabayemo mugihe cyo kugenda no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ibiti birashobora gushyirwa mubice, kuzunguruka, no kuzunguruka. Barashobora kandi gutondekwa hashingiwe kumiterere yabyo mumigozi igororotse, igiti cya eccentricique, crankshafts, na shitingi zoroshye.
Spindles
1.Umuzingo uhamye
Ubu bwoko bwa spindle butanga gusa ibihe byo kugunama mugihe hasigaye guhagarara. Imiterere yoroheje nuburyo bukomeye bituma biba byiza kubisabwa nka gare ya gare.
2.Kuzunguruka
Bitandukanye no kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka bizana ibihe byo kugunama mugihe bigenda. Bakunze kuboneka muri gari ya moshi.
Shaft
Imashini ya Drive yagenewe kohereza umuriro kandi mubisanzwe ni ndende kubera umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzunguruka. Kugirango wirinde kunyeganyega gukabije guterwa ningufu za centrifugal, ubwinshi bwikibaho cya disiki igabanywa neza mukuzenguruka kwayo. Imashini igezweho igezweho ikoresha ibishushanyo mbonera, bitanga umuvuduko mwinshi ugereranije nigiti gikomeye, bigatuma itekana kandi ikora neza. Kurugero, ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga bikozwe mubyuma bikozwe mubyuma bimwe, mugihe ibinyabiziga biremereye akenshi bikoresha imiyoboro idafite ibyuma.
Kuzunguruka
Kuzunguruka ibiti byihariye kuko bihanganira ibihe byunamye ndetse na torsional, bigatuma kimwe mubintu bikunze kugaragara mubikoresho bya mashini.
Igiti kiboneye
Igiti kigororotse gifite umurongo ugororotse kandi urashobora gushyirwa mubice bya optique kandi byateye intambwe. Amabati ahamye mubusanzwe aroroshye, ariko arashobora gushushanywa kugirango agabanye ibiro mugihe akomeje gukomera no guhagarara neza.
1.Igikoresho cyiza
Byoroshye mumiterere kandi byoroshye kuyikora, iyi shitingi ikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza.
2.Icyuma cyahagaritswe
Igiti gifite intambwe ndende ndende yambukiranya igice kivugwa nk'intambwe ikandagiye. Igishushanyo cyorohereza kwishyiriraho no guhitamo ibice, biganisha ku gukwirakwiza imitwaro neza. Mugihe imiterere yacyo isa nigiti gifite imbaraga zimwe, gifite ingingo nyinshi zo guhangayika. Bitewe nibi biranga, intambwe zikoreshwa zikoreshwa cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza.
3.Camshaft
Kamashaft nikintu gikomeye muri moteri ya piston. Muri moteri ya moteri enye, kamashusho isanzwe ikora kimwe cya kabiri cyumuvuduko wa crankshaft, nyamara iracyakomeza umuvuduko mwinshi kandi igomba kwihanganira umuriro mwinshi. Nkigisubizo, igishushanyo cya camshaft gishyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye kumbaraga zacyo nubushobozi bwo gushyigikira.
Ubusanzwe Camshafts ikozwe mubyuma byabugenewe, nubwo bimwe bikozwe mubikoresho byahimbwe kugirango birambe. Igishushanyo cya camshaft gifite uruhare runini mubwubatsi rusange bwa moteri.
4.Urupapuro ruto
Igice cya spline cyitirirwa isura yihariye, igaragaramo inzira ndende ndende. Izi nzira zingenzi zemerera kuzenguruka ibice byashyizwe kumurongo kugirango bikomeze bizunguruka. Usibye ubu bushobozi bwo kuzunguruka, shitingi ya spline nayo ituma ingendo ya axial, hamwe nibishushanyo bimwe bikubiyemo uburyo bwizewe bwo gufunga porogaramu muri feri na sisitemu yo kuyobora.
Ubundi buryo butandukanye ni shitingi ya telesikopi, igizwe nigituba cyimbere ninyuma. Umuyoboro w'inyuma ufite amenyo y'imbere, mugihe umuyoboro w'imbere ufite amenyo yo hanze, abemerera guhuza hamwe. Igishushanyo ntigikwirakwiza gusa urumuri ruzunguruka ahubwo gitanga n'ubushobozi bwo kwagura no gusezerana muburebure, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhinduranya ibikoresho.
5.Icyuma
Iyo intera iva kuri dedendum umuzenguruko wibikoresho kugeza munsi yinzira nyabagendwa ni ntoya, ibikoresho na shitingi byinjijwe mubice bimwe, bizwi nka shitingi. Ibi bikoresho bya mashini bifasha kuzenguruka ibice kandi bigakora bifatanije nabo kugirango bakwirakwize icyerekezo, urumuri, cyangwa ibihe byunamye.
6. Igiti cyinzoka
Inzoka yinyo isanzwe yubatswe nkigice kimwe gihuza inyo nigiti.
7.Kurikira Shaft
Uruzitiro rwashizweho hamwe na santere rwagati ruzwi nka shitingi. Iyo wohereza itara, urwego rwinyuma rwumwobo rufite uburambe bwogosha cyane, bigatuma gukoresha ibikoresho neza. Mubihe aho umwanya wo kugunama wubusa nigitereko gikomeye bingana, ibiti bitoboye bigabanya cyane uburemere bitabangamiye imikorere.
Crankshaft
Crankshaft nikintu gikomeye muri moteri, mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma byubaka karubone cyangwa ibyuma byangiza. Irimo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: ikinyamakuru nyamukuru n'ikinyamakuru gihuza ikinyamakuru. Ikinyamakuru nyamukuru gishyirwa kuri moteri ya moteri, mugihe ikinyamakuru gihuza ikinyamakuru gihuza impera nini yinkoni ihuza. Impera ntoya yinkoni ihuza ihuza piston muri silinderi, ikora uburyo bwa kera bwa crank-slide.
Shaft
Igiti cya eccentricique gisobanurwa nkigiti gifite umurongo utajyanye hagati yacyo. Bitandukanye n’ibiti bisanzwe, byorohereza cyane cyane guhinduranya ibice, ibiti bya eccentricique birashobora kwanduza impinduramatwara na revolution. Kugirango uhindure intera hagati hagati yimigozi, ibiti bya eccentric bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza planari, nka sisitemu yo gutwara V-umukandara.
Igikoresho cyoroshye
Imashini ihindagurika yagenewe mbere na mbere kohereza itara no kugenda. Bitewe no kugabanuka gukomeye cyane ugereranije no gukomera kwa torsional, ibiti byoroshye birashobora kugendagenda byoroshye inzitizi zitandukanye, bigatuma habaho intera ndende hagati yingufu zambere nimashini ikora.
Iyi shitingi yorohereza ihererekanyabubasha hagati yamashoka abiri afite umuvuduko ugereranije udakeneye ibikoresho byongeweho byoherejwe hagati, bigatuma biba byiza kubirebire birebire. Igishushanyo cyoroheje nigiciro gito bigira uruhare mubyamamare muri sisitemu zitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, ibimera byoroshye bifasha gukurura ihungabana no kunyeganyega, bizamura imikorere muri rusange.
Porogaramu zisanzwe zirimo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, sisitemu zimwe zohereza mubikoresho byimashini, odometer, nibikoresho bigenzura kure.
1.Imbaraga-Ubwoko bworoshye
Imbaraga zo mu bwoko bwa flexible shafts zigaragaza ihuza rihamye kuruhande rworoshye rwa shaft, rufite ibikoresho byo kunyerera imbere ya hose. Iyi shitingi yagenewe cyane cyane kohereza itara. Ikintu cyibanze gisabwa kububasha bwubwoko bworoshye bworoshye ni torsional stiffness ihagije. Mubisanzwe, iyi shitingi irimo uburyo bwo kurwanya anti-reverse kugirango yandure icyerekezo kimwe. Igice cyo hanze cyubatswe hamwe ninsinga nini ya diameter nini, kandi ibishushanyo bimwe ntabwo birimo inkoni yibanze, byongera imbaraga zo kwambara no guhinduka.
2.Ubugenzuzi bwubwoko bworoshye
Igenzura-ryoroshye ryoroshye ryashizweho mbere na mbere yo kohereza. Umuyoboro wohereza ukoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango utsinde urumuri rwo guterana rwakozwe hagati yumugozi woroshye na shitingi. Usibye kugira ubunebwe buke, iyi shitingi igomba no kuba ifite torsional ihagije. Ugereranije nimbaraga zo mu bwoko bwa flexible shafts, kugenzura-ubwoko bwimiterere ihindagurika irangwa nimiterere yabyo, irimo kuba hariho inkoni yibanze, umubare munini wibice byizunguruka, hamwe na diameter ntoya.
Imiterere ya Shaft ihindagurika
Imigozi ihindagurika mubisanzwe igizwe nibice byinshi: uruziga rworoshye rworoshye, uruzitiro rworoshye, hose hamwe na hose.
1.Icyuma cyoroshye
Uruziga rworoshye, ruzwi kandi nk'urwungano rworoshye, rwubatswe kuva mubice byinshi byicyuma cyicyuma hamwe, bigakora uruziga. Buri cyiciro kigizwe n'imigozi myinshi yicyuma icyarimwe, ikagiha imiterere isa nisoko myinshi. Igice cyimbere cyinsinga gikomeretsa inkoni yibanze, hamwe nibice byegeranye bikomeretsa muburyo butandukanye. Igishushanyo gikunze gukoreshwa mumashini yubuhinzi.
2.Ibikoresho byoroshye
Ihinduka ryoroshye rya shaft ryashizweho kugirango rihuze ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo guhuza: gukosorwa no kunyerera. Ubwoko butajegajega bukoreshwa mubisanzwe bigufi byoroshye cyangwa mubisabwa aho radiyo yunamye ikomeza kuba ihoraho. Ibinyuranyo, ubwoko bwo kunyerera bukoreshwa mugihe radiyo igoramye itandukana cyane mugihe gikora, bigatuma habaho kugenda cyane muri hose kugirango habeho impinduka ndende nkuko hose yunama.
3.Hose hamwe na Hose
Isoko, nanone yitwa icyatsi kirinda, ikora kugirango irinde uruziga rworoshye kugirango rudahuza nibice byo hanze, birinda umutekano wabakoresha. Byongeye kandi, irashobora kubika amavuta kandi ikabuza umwanda kwinjira. Mugihe cyo gukora, hose itanga inkunga, bigatuma igikoresho cyoroshye cyoroshye gukora. Ikigaragara ni uko hose idashobora kuzunguruka hamwe nigiti cyoroshye mugihe cyo kohereza, bigatuma imikorere ikora neza kandi neza.
Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye nimirimo ya shafts ningirakamaro kubashakashatsi n'abashushanya kugirango bakore neza kandi byizewe muri sisitemu ya mashini. Muguhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa shaft kubikorwa byihariye, umuntu arashobora kuzamura imikorere no kuramba kwimashini. Kubindi bisobanuro mubice byubukanishi nibisabwa, komeza ukurikirane amakuru mashya!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-15-2024
