Imashinini ibice by'ingenzi mu buryo bwa mekanike, bikaba ari umugongo ushyigikira ibintu byose byo kohereza mu gihe cyo kohereza torque n'ibihe byo gupfunyika kw'ingufu. Imiterere y'umugozi ntigomba kwibanda gusa ku miterere yawo bwite, ahubwo igomba no kwita ku guhuza kwawo n'imiterere rusange ya sisitemu y'umugozi. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'umutwaro wagaragaye mu gihe cyo kugenda no kohereza ingufu, imigozi ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya spindles, imigozi yo gutwara, n'imigozi izunguruka. Ishobora kandi gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere yayo mu migozi igororotse, imigozi idasanzwe, imigozi ihindagurika, n'imigozi ihindagurika.
Imisongero
1. Ipine ihamye
Ubu bwoko bw'umugozi butuma buhora buhindagurika mu gihe buguma buhagaze. Imiterere yabwo yoroshye n'ubukana bwabwo bwiza bituma bukoreshwa neza nko mu gufunga amagare.
2. Izunguruka ry'umugozi
Bitandukanye n'imigozi idahinduka, imigozi izunguruka nayo ifite ibihe byo kugonda iyo iri mu rugendo. Ikunze kuboneka mu migozi y'amapine ya gari ya moshi.
Umugozi wo gutwara
Imirongo yo gutwara imodoka igenewe kohereza imbaraga kandi akenshi iba miremire bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzenguruka. Kugira ngo hirindwe imitingito ikomeye iterwa n'imbaraga zo hagati y'imodoka, uburemere bw'umurongo wo gutwara imodoka bukwirakwira ku buryo bungana ku ruziga rwayo. Imirongo yo gutwara imodoka igezweho ikunze gukoresha imiterere y'ubusamo, itanga umuvuduko mwinshi ugereranije n'imirongo ikomeye, bigatuma irushaho kuba myiza kandi ikoresha ibikoresho neza. Urugero, imirongo yo gutwara imodoka ikunze gukorwa mu byuma bingana, mu gihe imodoka ziremereye zikunze gukoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma idahindagurika.
Umuyoboro uzenguruka
Imigozi izunguruka ni umwihariko kuko ihangana n'ibihe byo kugonda no guhindukira, bigatuma iba kimwe mu bice bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bya mekanike.
Umugozi Ugororotse
Imirongo igororotse ifite umurongo ugororotse kandi ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: imirongo isobanutse n'imirongo iteye intambwe. Imirongo igororotse ikunze kuba yanduye, ariko ishobora gukorerwa ahantu hadafite ikintu na kimwe kugira ngo igabanye uburemere mu gihe ikomeza gukomera no kudahindagurika.
1. Umugozi w'amatara
Mu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye gukora, iyi migozi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kohereza.
2. Umwobo utezweho intambwe
Umugozi ufite igice cy’intambwe kigenda gihindagurika witwa umugozi ugenda uhindagurika. Iyi miterere yorohereza gushyirwaho no gushyirwaho ibice, bigatuma imizigo ikwirakwizwa neza. Nubwo imiterere yawo isa n’iy’umugozi ufite imbaraga zimwe, ufite ahantu henshi ho gushyira imbaraga. Kubera iyo miterere, imigozi igenda ikoreshwa cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwo kohereza.
3. Camshaft
Camshaft ni ingenzi cyane muri moteri za piston. Muri moteri zifite stroke enye, camshaft isanzwe ikora ku muvuduko wa kimwe cya kabiri cy'umuvuduko wa crankshaft, nyamara ikomeza kugira umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka mwinshi kandi igomba kwihanganira torque nini. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imiterere ya camshaft ishyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye ku mbaraga zayo n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyishyigikira.
Ubusanzwe amakamshaft akorwa mu byuma byihariye, nubwo amwe akorwa mu bikoresho bicuzwe kugira ngo arusheho kuramba. Imiterere ya kamshaft igira uruhare runini mu miterere ya moteri muri rusange.
4. Umugozi w'umurambararo
Imirongo y'imi ...
Indi shusho ni umuyoboro wa teleskopu, ugizwe n'imiyoboro y'imbere n'iy'inyuma. Umuyoboro w'inyuma ufite amenyo y'imbere, mu gihe umuyoboro w'imbere ufite amenyo yo hanze, bigatuma ahuzwa neza. Iyi miterere ntiyohereza gusa imbaraga zizunguruka ahubwo inatanga ubushobozi bwo kwaguka no gufungana mu burebure, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu buryo bwo guhinduranya ibikoresho.
5. Umwobo w'ibikoresho
Iyo intera iri hagati y’uruziga rwa dedendum rwa vitesi kugera hasi ku muhanda ari nto, vitesi n’umugozi bihuzwa mu gice kimwe, kizwi nka vitesi. Iki gice cy’imashini gishyigikira ibice bizenguruka kandi gikorana na byo mu kohereza ingendo, imbaraga, cyangwa ibihe byo guhindagurika.
6. Umwobo w'inzoka
Umuyoboro w'inyo ubusanzwe uba ugizwe n'igice kimwe gihuza umuyoboro n'umuyoboro.
7. Umwobo w'umwobo
Umugozi wakozwe ufite hagati h’ubugari uzwi nka umugozi udafite aho uboshye. Iyo wohereza imbaraga, urwego rw’inyuma rw’umugozi udafite aho uboshye rugira umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukata, bigatuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa neza. Mu gihe igihe cyo gupfunyika kw’imigozi idafite aho iboshye n’ikomeye kingana, imigozi idafite aho iboshye igabanya uburemere cyane nta ngaruka mbi ku mikorere.
Crankshaft
Igikoresho cyo gukurura ni igice cy'ingenzi muri moteri, ubusanzwe gikozwe mu byuma by'icyuma cya karuboni cyangwa icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye. Gifite ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: igitabo cy'ingenzi n'igitabo cy'icyuma gikurura. Igitabo cy'ingenzi gishyirwa ku gice cya moteri, mu gihe igitabo cy'icyuma gikurura gihuzwa n'igice kinini cy'icyuma gikurura. Igice gito cy'icyuma gikurura gihuzwa na piston iri muri silinda, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwa kera bwo gukurura.
Umuyoboro w'Indashyikirwa
Umugozi udasanzwe usobanurwa nk'umugozi ufite umurongo ugororotse udahuye n'aho hagati. Bitandukanye n'imigozi isanzwe, yorohereza cyane cyane kuzenguruka kw'ibice, imigozi idasanzwe ishobora kohereza ingano n'impinduka. Mu guhindura intera iri hagati y'imigozi, imigozi idasanzwe ikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo guhuza imiterere, nka sisitemu yo gutwara umukandara wa V.
Umuyoboro Uhindagurika
Imirongo yoroshye igenewe cyane cyane kohereza imbaraga n'ingendo. Bitewe n'ubukana bwayo bwo kugorama buciriritse ugereranije n'ubukana bwayo bwo kugorora, imirongo yoroshye ishobora kunyura mu mbogamizi zitandukanye, bigatuma ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi hagati y'imashini ikora n'imashini ikora rishobora koherezwa kure.
Izi mishavi zorohereza ihererekanya ry'imigendere hagati y'imirongo ibiri ifite uburyo bwo kugenda hatabayeho izindi mashini zohereza zikoreshwa hagati, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu gukoresha intera ndende. Imiterere yazo yoroshye kandi ihendutse bigira uruhare mu gutuma zikundwa mu buryo butandukanye bwa mekanike. Byongeye kandi, mishavi yoroshye ifasha mu kwakira imirabyo n'imitingito, bigatuma imikorere muri rusange irushaho kuba myiza.
Porogaramu zisanzwe zirimo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu ntoki, sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo kohereza amakuru mu bikoresho by'imashini, odometero, n'ibikoresho bigenzura kure.
1. Umugozi woroshye wo mu bwoko bw'ingufu
Imigozi yoroshye yo mu bwoko bwa Power-type ifite aho ihurira ku mpera y’umugozi woroshye, ifite agakoresho ko kugenda gahindagurika mu mugozi. Iyi migozi igenewe cyane cyane kohereza torque. Ikintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa ku migozi yoroshye yo mu bwoko bwa Power-type ni ugukomera guhagije mu guhindukira. Ubusanzwe, iyi migozi ikubiyemo uburyo bwo kurwanya gusubira inyuma kugira ngo yemeze kohereza icyerekezo kimwe. Igice cyo hanze cyubatswe n'insinga y'icyuma ifite umurambararo munini, kandi imiterere imwe n'imwe ntirimo inkoni y'ibanze, yongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no koroha.
2. Umugozi woroshye wo mu bwoko bwa Control-Type
Imirongo yoroshye yo mu bwoko bwa control-type igenewe cyane cyane kohereza mu buryo bw'ingufu. Umuvuduko wohereza ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutsinda umuvuduko wo gukururana ukorwa hagati y'umugozi woroshye wo mu nsinga n'umuyoboro. Uretse kuba ifite ubukana bwo hasi bwo gupfukama, iyi mirongo igomba kandi kugira ubukana buhagije bwo guhindukira. Ugereranyije n'imirongo yoroshye yo mu bwoko bwa control-type, imirongo yoroshye yo mu bwoko bwa control-type irangwa n'imiterere yayo, irimo kuba ifite inkoni y'ibanze, umubare munini w'ibice bizunguruka, n'umurambararo muto w'insinga.
Imiterere y'Umugozi Uhinduka
Imirongo ihindagurika ubusanzwe igizwe n'ibice byinshi: umugozi uhindagurika w'insinga, umugozi uhindagurika, umuyoboro n'umuyoboro uhuza imiyoboro.
1.Umugozi Uhindura Insinga
Umugozi uhindagurika w'insinga, uzwi kandi ku izina ry'umugozi uhindagurika, wubatswe mu byiciro byinshi by'insinga z'icyuma zifatanye, zigakora igice cy'uruziga. Buri cyiciro kigizwe n'imigozi myinshi y'insinga icyarimwe, bigatuma kiba imiterere isa n'isoko y'imigozi myinshi. Igice cy'imbere cy'insinga gifatanye n'inkoni y'ibanze, hamwe n'imigozi yegereye ibyerekezo bitandukanye. Iyi miterere ikunze gukoreshwa mu mashini z'ubuhinzi.
2. Ihuriro ry'Umugozi rihinduka
Ihuriro ry’umugozi rihinduka rigenewe guhuza umugozi usohoka n’ibice bikora. Hari ubwoko bubiri bwo guhuza: buhamye n’ubunyerera. Ubwoko buhamye bukunze gukoreshwa ku migozi migufi cyangwa mu bikorwa aho umugozi uhinduka uhoraho. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ubwoko bwonyerera bukoreshwa iyo umugozi uhinduka cyane mu gihe cy’imikorere, bigatuma habaho kugenda cyane mu mugozi kugira ngo uhuze n’impinduka z’uburebure mu gihe umugozi unyerera.
3. Ihuriro ry'imiyoboro n'imiyoboro
Umuyoboro, witwa kandi icyuma gikingira, urinda umuyoboro woroshye w'insinga gukora ku bice byo hanze, urinda umutekano w'umukoresha. Byongeye kandi, ushobora kubika amavuta yo kwisiga no kubuza umwanda kwinjira. Mu gihe cyo gukora, umuyoboro utanga ubufasha, bigatuma umuyoboro woroshye gufata. Icy'ingenzi ni uko umuyoboro udahindagurika n'umuyoboro woroshye mu gihe cyo kohereza, bigatuma ukora neza kandi neza.
Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye n'imikorere y'imigozi ni ingenzi ku bahanga n'abashushanya kugira ngo barebe ko imikorere myiza n'ubwizerwe muri sisitemu za mekanike. Mu guhitamo ubwoko bw'imigozi bukwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye, umuntu ashobora kongera imikorere n'igihe kirekire by'imashini. Kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro birambuye ku bice bya mekanike n'ikoreshwa ryabyo, komeza ukurikirane amakuru mashya!
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Ukwakira 2024
